In Simple terms economics.Why, may I ask?
Not ALL HGV's will be electric.
Some will still be diesel, surely, and the flow-through from diesel to electric replacements will take several years at least.
In my opinion only, anyway.
Tesla and Scania have already demonstrated the cost per mile improvements are between 25% and 50% of diesel. Fuel is truckings #1 cost. Thus there is an econmonic benefit today. And thats with expensive electricity relatively speaking still from the Ukraine issue. And before you say but they have to stop to recharge, yes, they do, but they also have to stop due to legally mandated rest breaks, and the two can coincide. But even if they PAID for the slack time whilst drivers refill with electric the 50% saving on fuel pays for the half hour recharge break when you work it out, because the costs per mile fall so much. Remember driver hourly pay is quite inconsequential compared with the fuel they use.. Effectively if they don't do this they will lose business to other transport companies who already have done so.
As per Gromett, it's cost per mile that rules all in transport industry, and it's ALREADY today 50% of diesel. It will get cheaper, and long term electricity forecasts mean it'll get cheaper over time which is VERY much unlike diesel. Remember some ports in UK (cough, Tilbury), ALREADY operate their own (private) windfarms (and have a battery of many MWh capacity on the port too) so recharging trucks there would effectively be "very cheap" compared with market rates. Wind when you buy your own turbines has a net (including construction cost) of ~ 2-3p a kwh (including running costs). The price per mile if you ran a BEV truck on such fuel is literally 5p a mile, compared er, with diesel where conservatively it's 40p a mile today.
Quite a few people in here seem to doubt basic economics though -> but effectively diesel is dead as a long term fuel now, and as gromett has highlighted it'll only get better on the BEV side of equation as batteries improve.
Remember the people moving to this often do have the scale and funding to build their own windfarms (transport companys included - many run private fuel bunkering today, this is the BEV equivlent of that). Most datacentre operators, inclduing Amazon and Microsoft funnily enough also own considerable wind farms to pay for their datacentres power use, but even some "smaller" businesses in UK also now own them. Wouldn't surprise me if a port somewhere in world privately funds a Nuclear plant for their trucking electricity in next 10 years, equally suspect any trucking operator that has a need to refill 4-7pm will likely buy battery's if they have any sense to cover peak demand, given grid fees literally are 15p a unit to deliver power in that window today.
I think however it won't happen as quickly in UK/EU with the main Scania trucking coming live more 2028-30 timeframe, however in US it's likely to be a very sharp move in California in particular due to the Drayage legislation on the books this year forcing any "new" truck with access to ports to be zero emission. And when they demonstrate it works in arguably the most expensive electricity market in the US, it will only get cheaper elsewhere. At moment the brands being used are NOT typically the EU brands we see, Nikola, and Tesla being the 2 main BEV truck suppliers in use in CA at moment. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/28/business/energy-environment/electric-trucks-port-california.html